CAPTIVE BREEDING IN Destructive Programs in Need of Change BY DR. JOHN W. GRANDY n recent years, The HSUS has become increasingly concerned with the practice of captive breeding of animals by zoos. Releasing captive-bred or wild caught individuals into an existing population to increase its size and gene pool. Biodiversity experts estimate that during this century, the extinction rate due to human activities will rise to ____ times the background extinction rate. CAPTIVE BREEDING PROGRAMS These programs arose out of the coincidence of two forces – 1. The biggest problem with invasive species is that in the new location, they ____. Which invasive species threatens the Florida Everglades? Concern for extinctions in the wild. As these animals become food for larger and larger animals, the amount of the toxin gets larger and larger. When the Endangered Species Act was established in 1973, the list included 92 U.S. species. Which of the following is not one of these? Oh no! It’s a rhetoric and a public relations strategy that has helped to keep modern zoos open and running in spite of public opposition and protest at the living conditions of animals. In terms of habitat destruction, the greatest eliminator of species is the ____. require the captive population to number between 100 and 500. However, it is important to stress that zoos provided substantial logistical, technical, and/or financial support for at least 9 of these 13 species . Some toxic chemicals, such as those in DDT, can be stored in the fat tissue of animals. However, the number of managed species selected is relatively small and focused on large‐bodied, charismatic mammals that are not necessarily under strong threat and not always good candidates for reintroduction into the wild. The polar bear's hunting season is getting longer. Illegal hunting for profit is called ____. Zoos today function not only as venues for exhibition of animals and education of the visiting public but also as centers of conservation and research. Many animals facing extinction are put through breeding programs. We do not buy animals and we work co-operatively towards the common goals of protecting wildlife. recreation (zoos), education, preservation, re-establishment, research, Releasing captive-bred or wild caught individuals into an area of their historic range, captive bred species serve as substitutes for wild populations in basic research as basic biology can not be studied in wild, how can captive breeding help with biological research, Releasing captive-bred or wild caught individuals into an existing population to increase its size and gene pool, Releasing captive-bred or wild caught individuals into an area outside of their historic range, important role in public education, research, developing new techniques for breeding, goal is to reestablish pops in wild, less choice in mates, natural selection pressures aren't the same as in nature, expensive. Captive breeding programs are designed to increase the number of individuals in a population. The key role of a honeybee is to ____ plants and flowers. Zoos often claim that their captive breeding programs help with wildlife conservation, and that the breeding of animals by zoos is a key component in re-establishing wild populations. require the captive population to number between 100 and 500 Throughout the 3.5 billion year history of life on the earth, there has been a natural, low rate of species extinction know as ____. Conservation Breeding Programmes Zoos and aquariums take part in cooperative international and regional ex situ breeding programmes to form viable populations that can benefit in situ conservation efforts. It looks like your browser needs an update. augmentation. Captive Breeding study guide by KittenMama includes 8 questions covering vocabulary, terms and more. recreation (zoos), education, preservation, re-establishment, research. The Convention on Biological Diversity, ratified by 191 countries, seeks to reverse the global decline of biodiversity and share the benefits from the use of genetic resources. Captive breeding with case studies 1. When a large, contiguous area of habitat is reduced in area and divided into smaller, more scattered patches, the process is called ____. Four of the following are characteristics that make some species especially vulnerable to ecological and biological extinction. These oryx were distributed to zoos around the world, and many more herds were started in captivity. The growing human population is using fewer resources per person. Population declines among birds, especially long-distance migrant birds, have several primary causes. The most far-reaching and controversial environmental law ever adopted requiring the identification of endangered and threatened species is ____. Zoos and Captive Breeding -90% of terrestrial vertebrates kept in zoos are captive bred -knowledge that aids in captive breeding in dispersed by the AZA ( Association of Zoos and Aquariums) This indicates that when introducing nonnative species, we would be well advised to apply the, treaty controlling the international trade in endangered species, areas with a variety of threatened or endangered species. STEPS IN CAPTIVE BREEDING BANKING A SPECIES SELECTION OF FACILITIES FOR THE CAPTIVITY PROGRAM BREEDING REINTRODUCTION 11. Biologists think there are four major reasons why we should work to prevent human activities from causing the extinction of other species. To ensure the best experience, please update your browser. prevent them from being introduced in the first place. These programs, such as the Arabian Oryx breeding program from The Phoenix Zoo in 1962, were aimed at the reintroduction of these species into the wild. ____ are most threatened with extinction because of human activities. Over the years Zoos SA has been involved in a wide range of conservation projects. If estimates of an extinction rate 10,000 times greater than the background rate are correct, then what percentage of all species will be extinct by the end of this century? A national, coordinated captive-breeding program While Assam State Zoo has managed to breed rhinos in captivity since the 1960s, India’s existing ex-situ breeding efforts and facilities were deemed insufficient to maintain a viable pool of captive rhinos, triggering the formal launch of the special captive-breeding program, according to Bibhab Talukdar, an Assam-based Asian rhino expert. Biologists believe the Endangered Species Act has been successful, but critics say it is a failure. We know that the introduction of nonnative species often results in unforeseen consequences. natural selection in an artificial or domestic environment. Quizlet flashcards, activities and games help you improve your grades. 10. The first actual captive breeding programs were only started in the 1960s. There’s more to breeding programmes than just putting a male and female together. In order to export Australian native animal and plant specimens and/or CITES listed specimens for commercial purposes, the specimens must come from an approved program such as an approved captive breeding program. Compared with the simulated population’s founders, simulations for which offspring were assigned multiple possible sires (Mult_sire) with 10%, 25%, 50%, or 75% probability retained an average of 94.2–94.5% GD with 100 founders and 92.5–92.9% with 30 founders after 100 timesteps (Figure 1). Four of the following have resulted in an increase in hunting bushmeat; one has not. Athanasia C. Tzika, Christophe Remy, Richard Gibson, Michel C. Milinkovitch, Molecular genetic analysis of a captive-breeding program: the vulnerable endemic Jamaican yellow boa, Conservation Genetics, 10.1007/s10592-008-9519-z, 10, 1, (69-77), (2008). Captive breeding is the pr ocess of breeding of wild animals in places such as zoos or wildlife parks, especially to help preserve endangered species that are threatened by extinction in the wild. Scientists and mana… What percentage of the world's known plant species have been examined for medicinal properties? have no population controls such as predators. What idea proposes that we take measures to prevent harm to the environment and human health even if the science has not been fully established? Responsibilities to wildlife in field research and conservation projects have always been complicated because ethical duties to animals, populations, and ecosystems can pull wildlife scientists and managers in different directions (Minteer and Collins 2005a, 2005b, 2008). Which statement about the introduction of non-native species is false? Non-native species provide no benefits tin their new habitats. Which explanation for why the estimate may be low is false? A landowner, logger, or developer could destroy some critical habitat. What is this process called? However, their analysis overlooks two key issues. Captive Breeding Some or all wild individuals of a critically endangered species captured for breeding in captivity, with the aim of maintaining the species securely for a defined period of time and producing enough individuals to augment wild populations and reintroduce back into areas of extirpation. According to researchers, the greatest threat to wild species is ____. Which scenario would be allowed under a habitat conservation plan? decreased stamina, faster growth, excess aggression. Which of the following is least likely to be effective? DDT use in the 1950s and 1960s was nearly responsible for the extinction of what familiar bird species? education and research, rep zoos and aquariums in international assemblies, promote high standards of animal welfare/husbandry, ISIS International Species Inventory System, Cooperative system in North America for collecting census data on animals in captivity, increase gene flow and reduce inbreeding depression, conservation site in ohio made up of 10,000 acres of surface mined land, donated by AEP. The Captive Breeding and Zoo Management Cell has been instrumental in developing capacities of personnel involved in captive management and has organized several training programs in collaboration with Central Zoo Authority. In 2010, that number had risen to ____. Breeding is carefully managed and computer databases help record details of each individual animal (including its sex, date of birth and full ancestry). Captive-breeding is employed by modern conservationists, and has saved a wide variety of species from extinction, ranging from birds (e.g., the pink pigeon), mammals (e.g., the pygmy hog), reptiles (e.g., the Round Island boa) and amphibians (e.g., poison arrow frogs). Oh no! The best way to limit the impact of invasive species is to ____. goals of captive breeding. collecting eggs from the wild and hatching them. What species was intentionally introduced into the United States? Which argument below supports the critics? What percentage of the world's 10,000 bird species is declining in number? What has slowed this progress? AZA conservation breeding programs (also known as captive breeding programs) are designed to augment populations of endangered species and avoid extinction via regulated breeding in zoos … Ashutosa Pattanayak 05 SAF/16 2. Captive breeding programs with the goal of reintroduction have existed since the 1960s. If animals are go­ The retention of GD and avoidance of increased were greater in Mult_sire than Un… What group of animals receives the most protection by the use of wildlife refuges? Their efforts were successful in reintroducing the Arabian oryx (u… Captive breeding -- where endangered animals in zoos or other facilities are encouraged to reproduce, with the aim of releasing the offspring -- has been credited for saving a number species … Conservation Breeding Breed endangered species with the aim of reintroducing them into the wild. ... how can captive breeding help with biological research. One of the following is not such a characteristic. Which of the following statements about kudzu is false? Which effect below is not a result of global warming? Captive breeding of mammals in zoos is the last hope for many of the best‐known endangered species and has succeeded in saving some from certain extinction. Federal regulators have been heavy handed in enforcing the act. people who search for plants and animals scientist can use to make medicinal drugs. may soon become extinct over all or most of its range, is one that is likely to become endangered. The extinction of many species in a relatively short period of geologic time is called ____. Balmford et al. This allows a studbook co-ordinator to pair suitable animals for breeding, based on genetics, and to recommend transfer of animals between zoos. ZSL’s Conservation Breeding and Reintroduction Programme provides an important resource to ZSL’s conservation work through the management of populations of threatened species in our zoos and, where appropriate, to use some of these to re-establish populations in the wild. We need animals, especially rare animals, for zoos. Which one is not a cause of this increase? Captive breeding Captive breeding is the process of breeding animals in controlled environment within well-defined settings, such as wildlife reserves, zoos and other commercial and … en Zoos and aquariums are responding to the worldwide biodiversity crisis through major conservation initiatives like captive breeding for assurance populations and reintroduction programs. Quizlet flashcards, activities and games help you improve your grades. The Pere David's deer was successfully saved through captive breeding programs after almost being hunted to extinction in China. To ensure the best experience, please update your browser. D. A. Conde and colleagues' Policy Forum “An emerging role of zoos to conserve biodiversity” (18 March, p. [1390][1]) presents an inspiring view of zoos' potential contributions to conservation through captive breeding and reintroduction. it Includes African, Asian and North American species, develop captive breeding techniques, aid marine conservation -- help beached whales, cultivate rare/endangered plants, reintroduce plants and restore degraded ecosystems, have seed banks, resource for research, collection of seeds from wild and cultivated plants that provide crucial backup to living collections in botanical gardens, species have such small pops they cant survive in the wild, species are still declining w conservation efforts, declining individuals aren't located in preserved areas. Captive breeding has been successful in the past. These programs, otherwise know as captive breeding is the process of breeding in which animals from outside their habitats are bred in restricted and controlled habitats such as farms, zoos, wild life sanctuaries or other enclosed facilities. a global organization which unifies the principles and practices of over 1,000 zoos and aquariums, which receive over 600 million visitors annually, and sets standards for increasing achievement of conservation. Laurie Marker, Kate Vannelli, Markus Gusset, Lars Versteege, Karen Z. Meeks, Nadja Wielebnowski, Jan Louwman, Hanneke Louwman, Laurie Bingaman Lackey, History of Cheetahs in Zoos and Demographic Trends Through Managed Captive Breeding Programs, Cheetahs: Biology and Conservation, 10.1016/B978-0-12-804088-1.00022-8, (309-321), (2018). After a mass extinction, what happens to biodiversity rates? Which one is it? Commercial trade in CITES Appendix I listed animals is prohibited, unless the animals are captive-bred and sourced from a captive breeding operation that has been small pop size which causes genetic drift inbreeding stress disease, it's expensive, social behavior is different, you need space/facilities, WAZA world association of zoos and aquariums. It can be controlled by normal weed control measures. A 2006 study estimated the total polar bear population is likely to decline by how much by 2025? ... OTHER QUIZLET SETS. A more complex study of the AZA, and USDA Zoo Science Set # 2 study guide by FoxyLilMonster includes 35 questions covering vocabulary, terms and more. These breeding programmes serve many purposes: Support demographic and genetic backup to wild populations Provide animals for public education Support important research… when honey bees leave in winter and don't return to their hives in spring. At first glance, it seems that captive breeding would be a productive program, if animals are to be kept in zoos. further claim that zoos have only contributed stock from captive breeding in a small number of these reintroductions. ... Establishing breeding populations in zoos and aquariums can provide educational opportunities for the public or for schools concerning conservation issues. The estimate of the background extinction rate is thought to be too low. Athanasia C. Tzika, Christophe Remy, Richard Gibson and Michel C. Milinkovitch, Molecular genetic analysis of a captive-breeding program: the vulnerable endemic Jamaican yellow boa, Conservation Genetics, 10.1007/s10592-008-9519-z, 10, 1, (69-77), (2008). The mean ranged from 3.5% to 3.8% with 100 founders and 5.1% to 5.9% with 30 founders after 100 timesteps (Figure 2). And they’re not the only species whose very existence is thanks to the hard work of zoos and other conservation institutions as they implement captive breeding and reintroduction programs in an effort to stave off extinction. The rate at which extinctions occurred prior to the evolution of modern humans is called the ____. But captive breeding, for all the good it has done, is not without its drawbacks. Which of the following is not one of these reasons? Because birds live in every climate and biome, and because they are easy to track and count, they serve as excellent ____. There are many actions an individual can do take to help protect endangered and threatened species. It looks like your browser needs an update. Unplanned parenthood by zoo animals raised the issue of what to do with surplus 2. Spread the word about the importance of this issue. In recent years, this situation has been made even more complex by the impacts of global change (especially climate change), which, in many quarters, has forced a reassessment of research practice and conservation policy.